November 10, 2024

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Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Accounting

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CPA Richard Mwaura Kiarie

AI, or Artificial Intelligence, refers to the development of computer systems and algorithms that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. It involves creating intelligent machines that can perceive, learn, reason, and make decisions based on data and patterns. It encompasses a wide range of techniques and approaches, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, expert systems, and robotics. These techniques enable computers to simulate human cognitive abilities and perform tasks such as speech recognition, image recognition, and problem solving, decision-making, and language translation.

Currently, we are experiencing an AI renaissance, with an ever-increasing range of sectors adopting the subset of AI known as machine learning, which involves the AI system analyzing huge amounts of data. Machine learning involves training algorithms on large datasets to identify patterns and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. This has come about because of two critical developments: the exponential growth of data and the exponential growth of computer processing power. Big data and powerful computers have both been essential to the successes of machine learning because its algorithms depend on the processing of millions of data points, which, in turn, requires enormous amounts of computer power.

AI has the potential to address some of the biggest challenges faced by organizations. Experts believe that Artificial Intelligence will be the bedrock of the 4th Industrial revolution which is characterized by the integration of several emerging technologies for the business transformation of different industries. AI offers several benefits to accountants, revolutionizing the way they work and enhancing their productivity. It enables them to streamline their processes, improve accuracy, and make more informed decisions. AI empowers accountants with advanced analytics, automation, and decision support capabilities, enabling them to work more efficiently and add greater value to their organizations and clients.

Some of the ways in which AI can be beneficial to accountants include

  • Data analysis and insights: AI-powered algorithms can analyze vast amounts of financial data quickly and accurately, identifying patterns, anomalies, and correlations within data sets, and trends that may not be easily detectable through manual analysis. This helps accountants gain valuable insights for decision-making, and identifying areas for cost savings or revenue generation
  • Automation of repetitive tasks: AI can automate routine and time-consuming tasks such as data entry, transaction matching, and report generation. This allows accountants to focus on more strategic and value-added activities
  • Enhanced accuracy: AI-powered accounting systems minimize the risk of human errors and improve accuracy. Machines can perform calculations, reconcile accounts, and detect discrepancies with a high level of precision, reducing the chances of mistakes and minimizing the risk of human errors and financial discrepancies. This is particularly important in financial reporting, where precision is crucial
  • Compliance and risk management: AI systems can help accountants stay updated with regulatory requirements and compliance standards. By analyzing large volumes of data, AI can identify potential compliance issues and flag them for further investigation. It also assists in identifying and managing financial risks more effectively.
  • Streamlined audit processes: AI-powered tools can automate various aspects of the audit process, such as data extraction, risk assessment, and compliance checks. This improves the efficiency of audits and allows accountants to focus on higher-value tasks, such as data analysis and providing strategic recommendations.
  • Improved fraud detection: AI algorithms can detect patterns of fraudulent activities by analyzing historical financial data, identifying unusual transactions, and applying anomaly detection techniques. This helps accountants in detecting and preventing fraudulent activities early on, protecting the organization’s financial integrity.
  • Advanced forecasting and planning: AI algorithms can analyze historical financial data and market trends to generate accurate forecasts and assist in financial planning. Accountants can leverage these predictive capabilities to anticipate future financial scenarios, optimize budgets, and make informed strategic decisions. 
  • Real-time reporting: AI systems can generate real-time financial reports and dashboards, providing up-to-date insights on key financial metrics. Accountants can access this information promptly, enabling them to make timely decisions and respond quickly to changing business conditions
  • Improved client services: AI-powered accounting tools can enhance client services by offering personalized recommendations, assisting with tax planning, and providing real-time support. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can handle routine client inquiries, providing prompt responses and freeing up accountants’ time for more complex client interactions. This improves client satisfaction and allows accountants to focus on higher-level advisory services. This helps accountants build stronger client relationships and provide more value-added services

In spite of the many benefits, there are potential disadvantages of AI to accountancy. These include

  • Job Losses: The automation capabilities of AI may lead to concerns about job losses or the need for workforce reskilling. Some routine accounting tasks that were previously performed by accountants may become automated, potentially reducing the demand for certain roles
  • Bias in models: AI models rely on good quality data. If the underlying data used to train AI models is of poor quality, has errors or is incomplete or biased, it can lead to flawed outcomes or biased recommendations. Accountants need to ensure data integrity and address potential biases to maintain the reliability of AI-driven insights
  • Lack of human judgment: AI systems rely on algorithms and predefined rules to process data and make decisions. However, they may lack the ability to apply human judgment or understand the context fully. Accountants often need to exercise professional judgment, taking into account subjective factors, regulations, and ethical considerations, which AI may struggle to replicate
  • Security and privacy risks: AI systems typically rely on vast amounts of sensitive financial data, and their vulnerabilities can be exploited by malicious actors. Accountants need to ensure robust data security measures, privacy protection, and compliance with relevant regulations such as the Data Protection Act (2019) to safeguard sensitive information from breaches or unauthorized access
  • Models Complexity: Integrating AI into existing accounting systems and workflows can be complex. It may require significant changes to processes, infrastructure, and employee training. Implementing AI solutions effectively may involve overcoming technical challenges, data integration issues, and ensuring appropriate governance and controls
  • Implementation Costs: Implementing AI systems can involve significant upfront costs, including acquiring the necessary technology, training the staff, and integrating AI tools with existing accounting systems. Small or mid-sized accounting firms may face financial barriers to adopting AI technology
  • Over Dependence on AI: Though AI can provide valuable insights, it is essential for accountants to maintain a critical eye and not overly rely on AI-generated outputs. Accountants should verify and validate AI-driven results, especially when dealing with complex or high-stakes financial decisions
  • Black Box Syndrome: It is difficult to understand or explain the logic or reasoning behind some AI Solutions. The models can be complex and difficult to interpret. This lack of transparency can make it challenging to understand how AI arrives at its conclusions or recommendations. This may pose challenges in explaining AI-driven outcomes to clients, auditors, or regulatory bodies.

However, it should be noted that while these disadvantages exist, they can often be mitigated with careful planning, proper implementation, and a balanced approach that combines AI capabilities with human expertise. Accountants can focus on higher-value tasks that require critical thinking, interpretation, and strategic decision-making, leveraging AI as a tool to enhance their capabilities rather than replace them entirely.

AI can be a valuable tool for accountants when implemented and utilized appropriately. Organizations need to carefully weigh the merits and demerits of this new technology and plan how to embrace it rather than resisting it. Accountants can leverage AI as a tool to augment their skills and decision-making rather than replacing their role entirely.

The writer is an ICT practitioner, trainer and consultant. He holds a Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Science, MSc in Information Systems and MBA in Strategic Management from the University of Nairobi. He has worked as an ICT officer in government and as a lecturer in the field of IT.

kiariemwaura@gmail.com

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